Key Concepts: Chemical Equilibrium & Le Chatelier's Principle

Core Definitions

• Chemical Equilibrium: A state where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal; concentrations remain constant.
• Reversible Reaction: A reaction that can proceed in both forward and reverse directions (⇌).
• Le Chatelier's Principle: If a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts to relieve the stress.
• Adding Reactant: Shifts equilibrium toward products (forward).
• Increasing Temperature: Shifts equilibrium in the endothermic direction.
• Changing Pressure: Increasing pressure shifts toward the side with fewer moles of gas.